Miscarriage Concept
May 2024 Admin
IVF

Understanding Miscarriage: What Causes Miscarriage

Reproduction and ensuring that our descendants have a better life than ours is one of the ultimate goals of life. However, the ultimate goal can be compromised by several issues. One such major issue that you may face is miscarriage. But what even is a miscarriage? In simple words, a miscarriage is a sudden loss of pregnancy. This typically occurs when the unborn baby does not develop properly. Now the question here is - what is the cause of miscarriage? What can we do to prevent it? In this blog, we discuss what a miscarriage is, what causes miscarriage, and some methods to prevent it. So with this in mind, let's get started! 

About Miscarriage

A couple looking unhappy after miscarriage.

In simple words, a miscarriage is a sudden loss of pregnancy before the 20th week. Roughly around 10% to 20% of pregnancies end in miscarriage. However, the actual number may be higher. This is because many miscarriages happen early on before people learn of their pregnancy. Although the term miscarriage may sound as if something went wrong during pregnancy, it is not exactly true. The typical cause of this condition is the improper development of the baby during pregnancy. 

Types of Miscarriage

Although all miscarriages are caused by issues with pregnancy, there are different types of miscarriages. Some of the key types of miscarriages are as follows: 

Missed Miscarriage

This is the type of miscarriage where you have no idea it even happened. It does not have any symptoms, however, can be detected with an ultrasound scan. 

Complete Miscarriage

In this type, the pregnancy is completely lost and the uterus is empty. The symptoms include bleeding and the passing of fetal tissue. 

Recurrent Miscarriage

Recurrent miscarriage is categorized as three consecutive miscarriages. The good news here is that it is relatively rare and only affects 1% of the total pregnancy. 

Threatened Miscarriage

In this type of miscarriage, the cervix stays closed. However, you face bleeding and pelvic cramping. The pregnancy typically continues without any further issues.

Inevitable miscarriage

In this type, you bleed, face cramping, and cervical dilation. Furthermore, you may also leak amniotic fluids. Should you see all of these symptoms, it is likely to lead to a complete miscarriage. 

Symptoms of Miscarriage

A girl facing problem after miscarriage.

Now that you have a general idea of what a miscarriage is, let's talk about the symptoms that you may see during the miscarriage. While the specific symptoms may vary depending on your circumstances, some of the common symptoms are as follows: 

  • Bleeding from vagina. This bleeding may or may not cause pain and can include light bleeding called spotting.
  • Pain or cramping in pelvic areas or lower back
  • Fluids or tissue passing from the vagina
  • Fast heartbeat

If you pass the tissue from your vagina, we recommend you place it in a clean container and bring it to a healthcare professional office or the hospital. Do note that many people who have vaginal spotting or bleeding in the first trimester do have a successful pregnancy. However, we recommend you consult an expert if you see any of the symptoms we mentioned here. 

Causes of Miscarriage

A girl looking unhappy after miscarriage.

Another key aspect of understanding miscarriage is knowing the causes along with the symptoms. So, what causes miscarriage? The specific causes vary depending on the individual circumstances. However, some of the known common causes are as follows: 

Irregular Genes or Chromosomes

Most of the miscarriages happen due to the problem with the development of the unborn baby. Most of these development issues are caused because of irregular genes or chromosomes. Roughly around two-thirds of the miscarriages in the first trimester are associated with extra or missing chromosomes. These issues with chromosomes might lead to the following:

Anembryonic Pregnancy

This condition happens when no embryo forms or if the embryo is formed but is absorbed back into the body.

Intrauterine Fetal Demise

In this circumstance, an embryo forms but stops developing. The embryo dies before any symptoms of miscarriages occur.

Molar Pregnancy and Partial Molar Pregnancy

Molar pregnancy occurs when the fetus does not develop. This commonly occurs when both sets of chromosomes come from the sperm when one set should come from the egg. It is linked with irregular growth of the placenta. 
In the case of partial molar pregnancy, a fetus may develop. However, it does not survive. It happens when there is an extra set of chromosomes in the embryo, also known as triploidy. 

Maternal Health

Another primary cause of miscarriage is the health condition of the parent. Depending on the overall situation, having certain health conditions may lead to miscarriage. Some of the health conditions may include the following:

  • Diabetes
  • Infections
  • Hormonal Problems
  • Uterus or Cervix Problems
  • Thyroid Disease
  • Obesity

These are just some of the key factors that can lead to miscarriages. Depending on the specifics of your circumstances, the ideal cause can change. Regardless, we hope you understand the general gist of the overall causes. 

What Does Not Cause Miscarriage

Embracing Motherhood Concept.

Along with the causes, you should also understand the circumstances that are considered to lead to miscarriage but do not. Some of the circumstances that are thought to but do not lead to miscarriage are as follows:

  • Light to mild exercises (you should consider the experts before engaging in any form of exercise)
  • Sex
  • Arguments
  • Use of birth control pills before pregnancy
  • Working as long as you are not exposed to high doses of chemicals or radiation

Do note that miscarriage typically happens because of a random event that no one can control. Unless you actively seek issues with diabetes or thyroid, miscarriage is not your fault. Therefore you should not blame yourself should you face a miscarriage. 

Risks Factors of Miscarriage

Facing Problem After Miscarriage.

Besides knowing the causes and things that do not cause miscarriage, you should also be aware of the factors that increase the risk of miscarriage. Some of the key risk factors of miscarriage are as follows:

  • The risk of miscarriage increases with age.  The optimum age for pregnancy is before 35.
  • Along with the age, if you have had past miscarriages, you are at a higher risk of facing more in the future.
  • If you are facing long-term health conditions such as diabetes, you are at a higher risk of miscarriage.
  • Specific uterine conditions or weak cervical tissue might increase the risk of miscarriage.
  • The people who are involved in heavy consumption of smoking, alcohol, caffeine, and other illegal drugs increase the risk of miscarriage.
  • Being underweight or overweight increases the risk of miscarriage.
  • If you or your partner has a genetic disorder, it can lead to increased chances of miscarriage.

These are just some of the circumstances that can increase the risk of miscarriages. 

Prevention for Miscarriage

Sad Girl Facing Miscarriage.

After knowing the symptoms, causes, and risk factors, let's talk about some good news. The good news is that there are preventive measures to decrease the chances of miscarriage. Some of the prevention measures are as follows: 

  • Get regular parental care while you are pregnant
  • Stay away from miscarriage risk factors
  • Ask your healthcare professional if you have a prior miscarriage
  • Limit caffeine

These are some of the key preventive measures you can take to limit. 

Conclusion

Miscarriage is a major issue that can dampen the joy of parenthood and can lead to major stress. However, knowing the causes, risk factors, and preventive measures can help you greatly should it occur. Furthermore, you should understand that miscarriage is not under your control for the most part. Therefore, worrying and stressing over it is not a good idea and only makes the situation worse. Know that you cannot control when or if it happens. Should it happen, then you should consider a reproduction specialist for further consultation. In this blog, we talked about symptoms, risk factors, and preventive measures for miscarriage. If you want further insights into other aspects of reproductive health, do check out some of our other blogs. If you want the best services regarding fertility, then do visit us at Hardik IVF and Fertility Center, IVF Center In Nepal. Thank you for reading till the end. 

FAQs on Causes of Miscarriage in Women

When do most miscarriages happen?

Most miscarriages happen in the first trimester before the 12th week of pregnancy.

How to avoid a miscarriage?

The best way to reduce the chances of miscarriage is to keep a healthy lifestyle. You can avoid smoking during pregnancy, eat healthy, and make attempts to avoid infections during pregnancy. While this does not eliminate the risk, it does reduce it. 

Who is at higher risk of miscarriage?

Some of the people who have a higher chance of miscarriage are as follows: 

  • Regular smokers and heavy drinkers
  • Users of drugs
  • Obese or underweight people
  • People over 35 years
  • People with past miscarriages

Does stress cause miscarriage?

Although stress is not good for your overall health, stress does not directly lead to miscarriage. That said, it can lead to other health conditions such as obesity and habits like excessive smoking and drinking which can increase the risk of miscarriage. 

Is miscarriage painful?

It depends on your circumstances and the type of miscarriage you are facing. That said, miscarriage can indeed lead to vaginal bleeding followed by cramps and pain in the lower abdomen. 

Can a miscarriage be stopped?

If a miscarriage happens, there is nothing you can do to stop it. 

How do you heal after a miscarriage?

To heal after miscarriage, you can follow the steps below:

  • Take the time and space you need to recover.
  • Find a miscarriage support group.
  • Take Care of Yourself Physically
  • Consider Counseling or Therapy
  • Express Your Feelings
  • Take Breaks from Social Media and Triggers

Is pregnancy good after miscarriage?

Although the risk of consequent miscarriage is increased after the first one, many go on to have healthy pregnancies in the future. 

What causes miscarriage?

There are many things that cause miscarriage with two of the main causes being genetic disorders in embryos and abnormal maternal health.