ivf process concept.
Jan 2024 Admin
IVF

IVF Treatment Process and its Timeline

Starting a family and having offspring remains one of the key points in the journey of life for many of us. However, not all of us have it easy when it comes to having children. Some of us face problems regarding our fertility. Now, there can be several causes of infertility. But regardless of the cause, it remains a major hurdle for many of us to overcome. The good news here is that there are many ways to get around this problem. One such method is IVF Treatment. However, have you ever wondered about the IVF treatment process and its timeline

In this blog post, we discuss the general outline of the IVF process and its timeline

Understanding IVF and its Process 

In simple words, In vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a fertility treatment process in which an egg and a sperm are combined outside the body. This process is conducted in a laboratory to create an embryo. The embryo is then transferred to the uterus to start the pregnancy journey. This form of fertilization typically involves the following key steps. 

  1. Step 1: Ovulation Induction 
  2. Step 2: Egg Retrieval (Aspiration)
  3. Step 3: Sperm Collection 
  4. Step 4: Fertilization
  5. Step 5: Embryo Culture
  6. Step 6: Embryo Transfer
  7. Step 7: Luteal Phase Support
  8. Step 8: Pregnancy Test

Ovulation Induction 

In this process, you are provided with fertility medications to promote the development of multiple eggs. The common medications prescribed include follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH), and Luteinizing hormone (LH).

Egg Retrieval (Aspiration)

After the eggs are produced and reach maturity, the reproduction experts conduct a minor surgical procedure. This surgery retrieves an egg from the patient. In this egg retrieval process, a thin needle is inserted through the vaginal wall. Then, the eggs are removed from the ovaries' follicles. 

Sperm Collection 

As the name of this process implies, sperm is collected. The sperm can be from the male partner or a sperm donor. The sperm donor typically comes into play if the male partner is infertile or if the couple is of the same sex. Regardless of the source, once collected, the sperm are then processed and prepared for fertilization. 

Fertilization

In this part of the in vitro fertilization process, eggs and sperm are combined in a laboratory dish for fertilization. This process is conducted in highly sterile and carefully monitored lab conditions to prevent any form of contamination. A small mishap in this process can lead to the entire IVF process's failure. Regardless, once successfully fertilized, the fertilized eggs, now embryos, are carefully monitored for quality and development. 

Embryo Culture

Once fertilized, the embryos are cultured in a special incubator for a few days. This process typically lasts three to five days. That said, the specific timeline for this process can be extended by a few days, depending on the circumstances. 

It is during incubation that the embryologist examines the quality of the embryos before choosing the best one to implant. 

Embryo Transfer

The next step after the incubation process is the embryo transfer process. In this process, selected embryos are transferred into a patient's uterus. This process is relatively simple and painless. Therefore, it is typically done without anesthesia. That said, this process is not entirely devoid of pain. Patients may face some mild cramping, discomfort, or low pain levels- similar to that of a pap smear. Furthermore, the pain and cramping typically goes away after a few hours. Some may face temporary bloating or constipation following the transfer. 

Naturally, if the patient is especially sensitive or has special circumstances, the doctors will provide anesthesia. 

Luteal Phase Support

After the embryo is successfully planted, the patient is provided with hormonal medications such as progesterone. This is done to support the uterine lining. Furthermore, it also enhances the chances of successful embryo implantation. 

Pregnancy Test

After 10 to 14 days after embryo transfer, a pregnancy test is conducted by the doctors. This is done to determine if the treatment was successful or not. Do note that the specifics will vary from patient to patient. 

What if the Pregnancy Test is Negative?  

Closeup of a woman's hand holding up a pregnancy test kit with a negative result.

Although the IVF process has a high success rate, the chances of failure are still present. A question that haunts many who go through this process is what are the steps taken if the process somehow fails? 

Well, there are several steps that the experts can take if the initial IVF process somehow fails. Some of the steps taken are as follows:

  • Review and assess the details of the IVF cycle. This is done to ensure that factors like egg quality number, fertilization rates, embryo development, and lining thickness are all under acceptable circumstances.
  • If there are no obvious issues, the doctors repeat the cycle with a few tweaks to ensure a higher success rate.
  • The doctors then suggest chance aspects like sleep, diet, exercise, stress, and supplements that could optimize the patient's health for another cycle.
  • The doctors may also alter the medications used for ovarian stimulation or luteal support.
  • If all else fails, the doctors may suggest the transfer of frozen embryo transfer (FET). This process allows the body to reset before another transfer. 

The goal here is to make adjustments for a successful fertilization of the embryo and pregnancy. 

Factors Affecting IVF Success

By now, you should have a general idea regarding the IVF process. Furthermore, since we also covered the process to follow if IVF somehow fails, some of you may wonder about the factors contributing to the success or failure of in vitro fertilization. Several factors contribute to the success or failure of the process. The key factors regarding IVF success rates are as follows.

  • Maternal Age: Young patients have a higher success rate because egg quality and quantity decline with age.
  • Cause of Infertility: Problems like endometriosis or poor sperm have lower success rates. Unexplained infertility has a higher chance.
  • Frozen vs fresh cycles: Success rates are often higher with frozen embryo transfers when the body can reset.
  • Number of embryos transferred: Transferring more than one embryo improves the success rate but also increases the risk of multiples.
  • Previous failed cycles: Success rates tend to go down with each subsequent failed cycle.
  • Lifestyle factors: Factors such as smoking, alcohol, excess weight, etc., negatively impact IVF success.

Timeline for an IVF Procedure

After knowing the general IVF process, the next big question in everyone's mind is its timeline. The specific duration of the process varies. However, they typically follow the pattern shown below.

  • Ovulation induction: Eight to fourteen days
  • Egg retrieval: One day
  • Sperm collection and preparation: This is conducted on the same day as egg retrieval.
  • Fertilization: One day
  • Embryo culture: Three to five days
  • Embryo transfer: One day
  • Luteal phase support: Ten to fourteen days
  • Pregnancy test: A few minutes
  • Total time estimation: Approximately twenty-three to thirty-five days. 

From this timeline, one can make a rough estimation that the entire IVF process takes approximately a month. 

Conclusion

In vitro fertilization is a form of fertility treatment process designed to enhance the chances of a successful pregnancy. This process has many steps, each with its own importance. These steps include ovulation induction, aspiration, sperm collection, fertilization, embryo culture, embryo transfer, luteal phase support, and a pregnancy test. It is a typically successful process. However, there is always some risk of failure. The good news here is that there are several methods to overcome failure and ensure a successful pregnancy. All of this process takes roughly a month from start to end. Therefore, before engaging in in vitro fertilization, you should be prepared to spend a month under constant care and observation. 

Now, do note that the information provided in this blog should not be taken as official medical advice. This blog is only meant for general information. If you want expert medical advice, please get in touch with your nearest IVF expert or give us a call at Hardik IVF -Trusted IVF Center in Nepal. We are ready to provide you with complete IVF service and consultation anytime. Regardless, we hope you find this helpful.

FAQ on the IVF Process and Timeline

What is IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)?

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a fertility treatment where an egg and sperm are combined outside the body in a laboratory to create an embryo. The embryo is then transferred to the patient for a successful pregnancy.

How long does an IVF cycle take?

The entire process, from the start of the stimulation to pregnancy, takes roughly around a month. However, this duration can vary depending on the specific circumstances. 

Who is a candidate for IVF?

IVF is typically recommended for couples facing infertility due to various factors such as blocked fallopian tubes, male infertility issues, ovulation disorders, or unexplained infertility.