Young couple suffering from infertility
Mar 2024 Admin
IVF

Common Causes of Infertility in Men and Women

Infertility is a condition where the couple cannot bear children naturally after years of conceiving. This is a problem that has existed since ancient times. That said, in modern days, it is rather easy to determine the causes of infertility in both men and women. So, what are these causes?

This blog discusses the common causes of infertility in men and women. Along with this, we also discuss some ways to prevent this issue. So, with this in mind, let's get started.

What is Infertility?

As mentioned, infertility is defined as a condition where a couple cannot bear children naturally after years of trying to conceive a child. But before we talk about infertility, we first need to know what leads to a successful pregnancy. The steps that lead to a successful pregnancy are as follows:

Woman suffering from infertility

  • The brain produces reproductive hormones controlling ovarian function.
  • The egg then matures in the ovary
  • The ovary then releases the egg
  • Sperm then travels up the vagina and through the uterus into the fallopian tube.
  • Sperm fertilizes the egg and transforms it into an embryo
  • The embryo travels through the fallopian tube and is implanted in the uterus. 

If there is a problem in any of these steps, the resulting process is called infertility. 

What Are The Types of Infertility?

Unlike what many of us think, there are many types of infertility. These types are as follows:

Primary Infertility

This is a form of infertility where the female partner has not been pregnant and cannot conceive after one year of regular unprotected intercourse. If the age of women is above 35, then this duration extends to six months of unprotected sex. 

Secondary Infertility

This is the type of infertility where you already have at least one child. However, you cannot become pregnant in the following successive attempts. 

Unexplained Infertility

As the name states, unexplained infertility is a type of infertility where all the test results are normal, but the couple cannot get pregnant. 

These are the three main types of infertility. 

What Are The Symptoms of Infertility?

As you may already guess, the leading cause of infertility is the inability to get pregnant. However, besides this, there are several other symptoms. These symptoms are as follows:

Close up of a sad couple with pregnancy test

Symptoms of Infertility in Women

  • Irregular or absent menstrual periods
  • Heavy or painful periods
  • Hormonal imbalances
  • Ovulation disorders
  • Endometriosis (pelvic pain, heavy periods, painful intercourse)
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (irregular periods, excess hair growth, weight gain)
  • Fallopian tube blockages
  • Uterine fibroids or abnormalities

Symptoms of Infertility in Men

  • Problems with ejaculation or erectile dysfunction
  • Low sperm count or poor sperm motility/quality
  • Hormonal imbalances
  • Varicocele (swollen veins in the scrotum)
  • Previous injuries or infections affecting the male reproductive organs

Besides the ones mentioned here, there can be several other causes. Therefore, if you suspect that you are infertile, you should consult with an expert like Hardik IVF and the Fertility Center. 

What Are The Causes of Infertility?

After having a general gist of what infertility looks like in both men and women, let's talk about the causes of infertility. Now, you should always note that the specific causes of infertility can vary depending on your circumstances. However, there are a few common causes of infertility. These common causes of infertility are as follows:

A young couple facing an infertility problem and are upset with the condition.

Causes of Infertility For Men

The specific causes of infertility vary depending on the individual circumstances. That said, we can provide you with some common causes of infertility for men. Some of these common causes of infertility for men are as follows:

1) Conditions That Affect Sperm Quantity and Quality

As the title suggests, these are infertility conditions that affect the production of sperm and their quality; some of these conditions include the following:

  • Undescended Testicles
  • Genetic Defects
  • Hormone Problems
  • Diabetes
  • Chlamydia
  • Gonorrhea
  • Mumps
  • HIV
  • Varicocele 

These are just some of the common causes that affect the quality and quantity of sperm. All of these conditions affect the quality and quantity of sperm. 

2) Problems With Sperm Reaching The Female Reproductive Tract

This is a category of male infertility in which the sperm is of high quality and quantity. However, in these conditions, the sperms do not reach the female reproductive tract. There are many causes for these categories. Some of these causes include the following:

  • Premature Ejaculation
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Blockage in Cystic Fibrosis
  • Physical Blockage in Testicles
  • Injury in Reproductive Organs. 

Besides the ones mentioned here, several other causes can result in the sperm not reaching the female reproductive tract. For further details, you should contact your reproductive expert. 

Causes of infertility in men.

3) Environmental Factor

These are the causes that are not directly related to health. They are external factors that indirectly result in male infertility. Some of the environmental factors that result in male infertility are as follows:

  • Exposure to Pesticides
  • Exposure to Chemicals and Radiation
  • Medicines that Treat Bacterial Infection
  • Medications for High Blood Pressure
  • Medications for Depression
  • Over Exposure of Testicles to Heat

4)  Damage Associated With Cancer and Treatment

Cancer treatments, chemotherapy, and radiation can also affect sperm production.

These are some of the common causes of male infertility.  

Causes of Infertility For Women

Now that we covered some of the common causes of male infertility let's talk about the common causes of female infertility. The common causes are as follows:

A young woman sitting on the bed with a sad expression and holding a pregnancy test.

1) Ovulation Disorders

These conditions affect the release of eggs from the ovaries. The conditions that affect this are as follows:

  • Hormonal Problems like PCOS
  • High Level of Prolactin Milk
  • Too Much or Too Little Thyroid Hormone (Hyperthyroidism)
  • Too Much Exercise
  • Eating Disorders
  • Tumors

2) Condition of The Uterus

This category of conditions that causes infertility in women includes the following:

  • Uterine Polyps
  • Issues with the Shape of Uterus
  • Problems with Cervix
  • Tumors in The Wall of Uterus (Uterine Fibroids)
  • Blockage of Fallopian Tubes
  • Prevention of Egg Fertilization 

3) Fallopian Tube Blockage And Damage

This issue regarding female infertility is caused by swelling of fallopian tubes, known as salpingitis. This swelling can occur because of pelvic inflammatory diseases. 

4) Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition where the lining of the uterus grows outside its designated place. This can affect how well the ovaries, uterus, and fallopian tubes work. 

Causes of infertility in women.

5) Primary Ovarian Insufficiency

Primary ovarian insufficiency is when the ovaries stop working as they are required to. Additionally, this condition also occurs during menstrual periods before 40. That said, the specific cause of this condition can often be unknown. That said, some factors causing this condition include the following:

  • Immune System Disease
  • Genetic Conditions
  • Radiation or Chemotherapy treatment

6) Pelvic Adhesions

Pelvic Adhesions are essentially scar tissues that bind the organs. These scar tissues can cause pelvic infection, appendicitis, or endometriosis, resulting in female infertility. 

7) Cancer And Its Treatment

This cause of female infertility is similar to that of its male counterpart. Specific cancers, especially those associated with reproductive organs, reduce female fertility. Furthermore, both cancer and treatment can result in female infertility. 

What Are The Risk Factors of Infertility For Men And Women

Now that you know some common causes of infertility for both men and women, some of you may wonder about the risk factors for men and women. The risk factors for both men and women are essentially the same. Some common risk factors regarding infertility for men and women are as follows:

Sad young woman holding a pregnancy test kit.

Age

Age is one of the key factors affecting the cause of infertility. With the growth of age, fertility decreases. The higher the age of the couples, the lower the chance of fertilization. 

Tobacco Use 

Smoking and the use of tobacco can significantly reduce the fertility rate in both men and women. Furthermore, smoking and tobacco use can also render fertility treatments less effective. When a pregnant mother smokes, it can also negatively impact the baby as well. Additionally, smoking can also lead to erectile dysfunction and low sperm count in males. 

Alcohol Use

There is no safe level of alcohol use for women during the fertilization and pregnancy period. That said, consumption of excess alcohol can also lower sperm count and affect how well sperm move. 

Obesity

Being overweight or obese can directly result in infertility. This is often linked with lower-quality semen and poor egg quality. 

Being Underweight

Just like how being overweight (obesity) can result in lower fertility, we can say the same for being underweight as well. This includes all forms of eating disorders, such as anorexia or bulimia. 

What Are Preventive Measures For Infertility?

After knowing the causes of infertility in men and women, along with risk factors, some of you may start to get worried. The good news here is that there are preventive measures against infertility. Some of these preventative measures are as follows:

Fertility concept

Preventive Measures of Infertility For Couples

The primary preventive measure against infertility as a couple is to have sex often soon after the bleeding stops during menstruation. It is ideal to have sex every day, starting from five to seven days before the release of eggs. We recommend doing this until two days after ovulation. 

Preventive Measures of Infertility For Men

There are several preventive measures for infertility in men. Some of the critical preventive measures are as follows:

  • Do not consume drugs and tobacco products
  • Intake of only a moderate amount of alcohol
  • Do not take frequent baths in hot water
  • Stay away from pollutants and toxins
  • Limit medications that can impact fertility if possible
  • Workout

Preventive Measures of Infertility For Women

As a woman, many factors can affect infertility. Some of these preventive measures are as follows: 

  • Do not indulge in drugs, smoking, or excessive alcohol consumption
  • Limit Caffeine
  • Exercise Safely
  • Get to a healthy weight

These are just some measures to prevent infertility in men and women. If you want detailed information on how to prevent infertility, visit us at Hardik IVF and Fertility Center. 

Conclusion 

Fertility has been a consistent problem for us since ancient times. However, unlike back in the day, we now know a lot about the causes of infertility in men and women. While there are still aspects to explore, we now know that factors like hormonal imbalance, lifestyle choices, obstructions, and weight cause infertility. 

In this blog, we discussed some of the common causes of infertility. Along with this, we also discussed the overall aspect of infertility in brief. We hope you found this helpful. If you want further insights into the various aspects of fertility, check out some of our other blogs. And as always, thank you for reading till the end. Moreover, If you are struggling with infertility? Get a free consultation from the best IVF center in Nepal and take the first step towards parenthood today.

FAQs on Causes of Infertility

What are the causes of infertility in men and women?

Some of the most important causes of infertility include the following:

  • Age
  • Being overweight and underweight
  • Chemotherapy and radiation
  • Exposure to environmental toxins
  • Excessive alcohol and tobacco use

What are the five causes of infertility in females?

The five causes of infertility in females are as follows:

  • Cervical mucus issues
  • EndometriosisDamage to fallopian tubes
  • Poor nutrition
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome
  • Uterine fibroids

What are the most common causes of male infertility?

The male causes of infertility are as follows:

  • Inadequate sperm quantity
  • Poor sperm quality
  • Damage to male reproductive areas
  • Early or late puberty
  • Excessive consumption of drugs, alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine